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Tenses

Simple Present	Simple Past	Simple Future
I study English every day.	Two years ago, I studied English in England.	If you are having problems, I will help you study English. I am going to study English next year.
Present Continuous	Past Continuous	Future Continuous
I am studying English now.	I was studying English when you called yesterday.	I will be studying English when you arrive tonight. I am going to be studying English when you arrive tonight.
Present Perfect	Past Perfect	Future Perfect
I have studied English in several different countries.	I had studied a little English before I moved to the U.S.	I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course. I am going to have studied every tense by the time I finish this course.
Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous	Future Perfect Continuous
I have been studying English for five years.	I had been studying English for five years before I moved to the U.S.	I will have been studying English for over two hours by the time you arrive. I am going to have been studying English for over two hours by the time you arrive.

Adverbial clause

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied) and a predicate, and it modifies a verb.

• I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject I)
• He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)
• 
  

According to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly as adjuncts or disjuncts. In these functions they are like adverbial phrases, but due to their potentiality for greater explicitness, they are more often like prepositional phrases(Greenbaum and Quirk,1990):

• We left after the speeches ended. (adverbial clause)
• We left after the end of the speeches. (adverbial prepositional phrase)

Contrast adverbial clauses with adverbial phrases, which do not contain a clause.

• I like to fly kites for fun.

Adverbial clauses modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. For example:

• Hardly had I reached the station when the train started to leave the platform.

The adverbial clause in this sentence is "when the train started to leave the platform" because it is a subordinate clause and because it has the trigger word (subordinate conjunction) "when".

Grammar Quiz

Adjective Clauses

1. Which sentence is correct?
   1. He talked to a man who had a big dog. 
   2. He talked to a man what had a big dog. 
   3. He talked to a man had a big dog. 
2. Which sentence is correct?
   1. The teacher her students wrote the letters is my friend. 
   2. The teacher who students wrote the letters is my friend. 
   3. The teacher whose students wrote the letters is my friend. 
3. Which sentence is correct?
   1. He thanked the man who he talked to him. 
   2. He thanked the man he talked to. 
   3. He thanked the man which he talked to. 
4. Which sentence is correct?
   1. The car what he bought last week is very nice. 
   2. The car he bought last week is very nice. 
   3. The car that he bought last week it is very nice. 
5. Which sentence is correct?
   1. Does your friend who works at the supermarket get a day off on Tuesday? 
   2. Does your friend who works at the supermarket gets a day off on Tuesday? 
   3. Does your friend get a day off who works at the supermarket? 
6. Which sentence is correct?
   1. The book that John bought is on the table over there. 
   2. The book that bought John is on the table over there. 
   3. The book that is on the table over there John bought. 
7. Which sentence is correct?
   1. What street does the man who lost his wallet live? 
   2. What street does the man lost his wallet live? 
   3. What street does the man who lost his wallet live on? 
8. Which sentence is correct?
   1. What does the student who left his lunch on the desk look like? 
   2. What does the student look like who left his lunch on the desk? 
   3. What does the student what left his lunch on the desk look like? 
9. Which sentence is correct?
   1. The police officer caught the thief who's car crashed. 
   2. The police officer caught the thief his car crashed. 
   3. The police officer caught the thief whose car crashed. 
10. Which sentence is correct?
1. The woman she sold me the computer gave me the mouse for free. 
2. The woman who sold me the computer gave me the mouse for free. 
3. The woman sold me the computer who gave me the mouse for free. 

Answer  :  

A C B B A A C A C B

Adjective Clause

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun.  It is possible to combine the following two sentences to form one sentence containing an adjective clause:              

The children are going to visit the museum.

They are on the bus.

The children who are on the bus are going to visit the museum.
                  | adjective clause |

In the sentence above, there are two other ways to write the sentence correctly using the second sentence as the adjective clause. 

The children that are on the bus are going to visit the museum.
The children       on the bus       are going to visit the museum.

Some other sentences can be combined into a sentence using adjective clauses in a variety of ways, and they are all correct.  Note the variety of ways in which the following two sentences can be combined.

The church is old.
My grandparents were married there.

The church where my grandparents were married is old.
The church in which my grandparents were married is old.
The church which my grandparents were married in is old.
The church that my grandparents were married in is old.
The church my grandparents were married in is old.

In the sentences above, the adjective clauses are underlined.  All answers are correct.  Note the use of the word "in" and how and where it is used.

Here are others example of adjective clauses. The adjective clause is underlined.

• Chocolate, which many of us adore, is fattening.
• People who are smart follow the rules.
• I can remember the time when there were no computers.
• Charlie has a friend whose daughter lives in China.
• Wine that is produced in Tuscany is not cheap.